What is a common cause of spontaneous pain in the lower molars?

Spontaneous pain in the lower molars is often associated with acute pulpitis. This condition occurs when the dental pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels, becomes inflamed due to infection, trauma, or deep decay. The inflammation can increase pressure within the pulp chamber, leading to intense pain, which is often described as sharp or throbbing, and it may occur without any specific trigger, hence the term "spontaneous."

Acute pulpitis is characterized by its sudden onset and can be quite severe, making it one of the most common reasons for a patient to experience unexpected pain in the lower molars.

While a tooth fracture can also cause pain, it usually presents with pain that is more related to biting or sensitivity rather than spontaneous pain. Cementation of a crown may lead to discomfort during the procedure or pressure sensitivity afterward, but it shouldn’t typically result in spontaneous pain. Gingivitis primarily causes gum inflammation and discomfort related to the gums rather than the teeth themselves, which makes it less likely to be a cause of pain specifically in the lower molars. Thus, acute pulpitis stands out as the most relevant explanation for sudden and unprovoked pain in that area.