What is pericoronitis?

Pericoronitis is characterized by inflammation of the gingivae surrounding a partially erupted tooth, typically seen around the wisdom teeth. This condition often arises when a tooth is unable to fully emerge due to the lack of space in the jaw or when it is partially covered by gum tissue, creating a flap that may trap food and bacteria. As a result, the area becomes inflamed and can lead to significant pain, swelling, and potential infection. Prompt dental intervention is often necessary to manage the symptoms and prevent complications.

The other options refer to different types of inflammation that don't specifically relate to the context of a partially erupted tooth. Inflammation of the gums around a fully erupted tooth pertains to other conditions, like gingivitis. Inflammation of the oral mucosa and inflammation of the tongue involve different anatomical areas and conditions that do not specifically describe pericoronitis. Therefore, the correct understanding of pericoronitis focuses entirely on the relationship between the partially erupted tooth and the surrounding gingival tissue.