Which bacteria are known to cause Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)?

Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG), also known as Vincent’s gingivitis, is primarily associated with specific types of bacteria that thrive in an anaerobic environment and are known for their role in this condition. The correct choice highlights Bacillus fusiformis and Borrelia vincentii, both of which are key pathogens implicated in ANUG.

Bacillus fusiformis is a type of anaerobic bacteria that contributes to the necrotizing nature of the gingivitis. It facilitates tissue destruction and is typically present in the oral biofilm of patients suffering from this condition. Borrelia vincentii, a spirochete, is another bacterium often found in patients with ANUG; it is known for its role in periodontal diseases and distinctly contributes to the clinical features of ANUG, such as ulceration and necrosis of the gingival tissues.

Together, these bacteria create a synergistic effect that exacerbates the inflammatory response in the gingiva, leading to the characteristic symptoms of ANUG, including pain, bleeding, and foul breath. Understanding the microbial causes of ANUG helps in formulating appropriate treatment strategies, such as debridement and antimicrobial therapy.

Other options incorrectly list bacteria that are not predominantly