Which bacteria plays a significant role in the initial colonization of the tooth surface?

Streptococci are pivotal in the initial colonization of the tooth surface due to their ability to adhere strongly to enamel and other dental surfaces. In particular, Streptococcus mutans is a key species that contributes to the formation of dental plaque. It produces adhesive substances that facilitate its attachment to the teeth as soon as the oral cavity becomes moist. This capability allows them to establish a foothold on the tooth surface, where they can then multiply and form biofilms, leading to further plaque accumulation.

While other bacteria like lactobacilli play a role in the progression of dental caries and biofilm maturation, they are often found in later stages of plaque formation. Staphylococci are generally not predominant in the oral cavity compared to streptococci. Actinomyces, though they are involved in biofilm development, also do not play as crucial a role in the very early stages of colonization of tooth surfaces as streptococci do. Thus, the significance of streptococci, particularly in initiating colonization, establishes their central role in dental health and pathology.