Which cranial nerve innervates the tongue muscles for movement?

The cranial nerve that innervates the tongue muscles for movement is the hypoglossal nerve, which is cranial nerve XII. This nerve is specifically responsible for the motor control of most of the muscles of the tongue, enabling movements essential for speech, swallowing, and other functions involving the tongue.

The hypoglossal nerve facilitates complex motions of the tongue by innervating the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. The intrinsic muscles alter the shape of the tongue, while the extrinsic muscles control its position within the mouth, allowing for versatile movement.

Understanding the functions of cranial nerves is vital in clinical practice, especially in contexts involving oral health and surgery, as damage to the hypoglossal nerve can lead to difficulties in swallowing and speech. Knowledge of this cranial nerve's role also helps in assessing conditions that may affect tongue mobility in patients.