Which group of bacteria significantly contributes to the formation of dental plaque?

The group of bacteria that significantly contributes to the formation of dental plaque is Streptococci. These bacteria are primarily responsible for the initial colonization of the tooth surface, leading to plaque formation. Streptococcus mutans, in particular, is well-studied for its role in dental caries and its ability to metabolize sugars to produce acid, contributing to tooth decay.

When teeth are not cleaned properly, these bacteria adhere to the pellicle—a thin film that coats the teeth—forming a biofilm known as dental plaque. This biofilm consists of various microorganisms, but Streptococci form the backbone of early plaque development. Their ability to create a sticky extracellular matrix allows for the adherence of other bacteria, which helps in the progression of plaque and, consequently, dental disease.

Other bacterial groups also play a role in oral health, but they do not have the same primary influence on the formation of dental plaque as Streptococci do. For instance, Staphylococci are more commonly found on skin and mucous membranes rather than in dental biofilms. Bacteroides primarily inhabit the gut and are more related to periodontal disease, while Lactobacilli are often involved in caries progression rather than initial plaque formation.