Which procedure involves the complete removal of a tooth and its surrounding structures?

The procedure that involves the complete removal of a tooth along with its surrounding structures is enucleation. This typically refers to the removal of a tooth along with the surrounding soft tissue, particularly in cases where there may be infection, cysts, or lesions present that require the extraction of both the tooth and the associated tissues to ensure complete clearance of disease.

In contrast, extraction generally refers to the removal of a tooth itself without necessarily including the surrounding soft tissues completely. Operculectomy involves the surgical removal of the operculum, which is the flap of gum tissue covering a partially erupted tooth, usually to alleviate pain or infection. Gingivectomy is the surgical removal of gum tissue typically to treat periodontal disease or to reshape the gum line, but it does not involve the removal of the tooth itself.

Thus, enucleation is the most comprehensive procedure among the choices for addressing both the tooth and its surrounding structures, ensuring that any associated conditions are also treated effectively.